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United States Navy Nurse Corps
The United States Navy Nurse Corps was officially established by Congress in 1908; however, unofficially, women had been working as nurses aboard Navy ships and in Navy hospitals for nearly 100 years. The Corps was all-female until 1965.
==Pre-1908==
In 1811, William P.C. Barton became the first to officially recommend that female nurses be added to naval hospital staff.〔Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, United States Navy. () "White Task Force: the story of the Nurse Corps, United States Navy." (NAVMED 939 1945), p. 5.〕 However, it wasn't until 19 June 1861 that a Navy Department circular order finally established the designation of ''Nurse'', to be filled by junior enlisted men. Fifteen years later, the duties were transferred to the designation Bayman (US Navy Regulations, 1876). Although enlisted personnel were referred to as nurses, their duties and responsibilities were more related to those of a hospital corpsman.
During the American Civil War, several African American women served as paid crew aboard the hospital ship ''Red Rover'' in the Mississippi River area in the position of nurse. The known names of four nurses are: Alice Kennedy, Sarah Kinno, Ellen Campbell and Betsy Young (Fowler). In addition volunteer nuns from the Catholic Sisters of the Holy Cross served aboard as nurses.〔Fowler, William M., Jr. "Relief on the River: the Red Rover." ''Naval History'' (Fall 1991): 19.〕
During the 1898 Spanish–American War, the Navy employed a modest number of female contract nurses in its hospitals ashore and sent trained male nurses to sea on the hospital ship ''Solace''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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